1. Complex Communication

• Microservices need to talk to each other, often over HTTP or messaging systems.
• This adds network latency, failures, and complicated debugging.

Imagine a group project where every team member works from a different country — lots of phone calls, emails, and time zones to deal with.

2. Distributed System Complexity

• It's no longer one app it’s many.
• You deal with network issues, data syncing, and service discovery.

Bugs can hide between services — one service works fine alone but fails when used together.

3. Deployment Overhead

• Instead of deploying one app, now you deploy dozens (or hundreds).
• Requires CI/CD pipelines, orchestration tools (like Docker, Kubernetes).

4. Security

• You must secure every service and their communication.
• Requires API gateways, tokens, encryption, etc.

More gates = more locks to manage.

5. Data Management